Present Tense

• SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE (waktu kini / saat ini)

Digunakan untuk menjelaskan sesuatu yang bersifat umum dan kebiasaan.
Pola:
1. S + V1 (s/es) I like English, she likes English, they like English
2. S + to be + Complement. I am fine, she is diligent, they are here.
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Keterangan Waktu dan Frekwensi:
Every, usually, always, often, sometimes, seldom, ever, never.
Catatan:
Untuk pola 1 = Ada penambahan s/es pada V1 jika Subj he, she, it
Untuk kal. Negative dan Tanya, kata kerja Bantu-nya (Aux.Verb): do / does
( I, you, we, they = do ) ( He, she, it = does )
Untuk pola 2 = to be (am, is, are) tergantung subject.
( I = am ) ( He, she, it = is ) ( You, we, they = are )
Contoh kalimat:
1. (+) She plays badminton every Sunday
(-) She does not play badminton every Sunday
(?) Does she play badminton every Sunday?
2. (+) He is smart.
(-) He is not smart
(?) Is he smart?

• PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE (waktu sedang-sekarang)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang terjadi (sekarang)
Pola: S + to be + V-ing to be present: (is, am, are)
Keterangan Waktu:
Now, at present, at this moment
Contoh kalimat:
(+) He is studying English now.
(-) He is not studying English now
(?) Is he studying English now?

• PRESENT PERFECT TENSE (telah / sudah)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang telah atau sudah selesai dilakukan.
Pola:
1. S + have/has + V3 I have worked for 1 hour
2. S + have/has + been + Complement I have been here for 1 hour
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Penggunaan ‘have’ atau ‘has’ tergantung pada Subject.
I, you, we, they, jamak = have
He, she, it = has
Keterangan Waktu:
since (sejak), for (selama), already/just now (baru saja)
(+) She has worked at the bank for 4 years.
(-) She has not worked at the bank for 4 years
(?) Has she worked at the bank for 4 years?
Catatan:
Jika negative (has not / have not) : belum
Jika ditambah ‘ever’ : sudah pernah
Jika ditambah ‘never’ : belum pernah
I have ever met him (saya sudah pernah bertemu dia)
I have not met him (saya belum bertemu dia)
I have never met him (saya belum pernah bertemu dia)

• PRESENT FUTURE TENSE (akan, di masa mendatang)

Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang akan dilakukan di masa mendatang.
Pola:
1. S + will + V1/inf 1. I will work tomorrow
2. S + will + be + Complement 2. I will be here tomorrow
Complement: Non-Verb, bukan kata kerja (Contoh: Adjective, Noun and Adverb).
Pola Lain: kata ‘will’, diganti dengan to be + going to
to be (is,am,are) sesuaikan dengan Subject-nya
Contoh: I will work tomorrow / I am going to work tomorrow
She will work tomorrow / She is going to work tomorrow
Keterangan Waktu, misalnya: tomorrow, next time, next week, tonight, coming holiday
Contoh kalimat:
(+) she will write the letter tonight.
(-) She will not write the letter tonight.
(?) Will she write the letter tonight?
Dalam kalimat pengandaian, present future berpasangan dengan simple present.
Contoh: I will come if he invites me.

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Present Tense